Contents

• Humans as organisms
• A balanced diet
• Food components in the diet
• Carbohydrates
• Fats and oils
• Proteins
• Water
• Using food in the body
• Digestion
• Blood as a transport medium
• The role of the skeleton
• Joints and muscles
• Pivot joints
• Hinge joint
• Ball-and-socket joint
• Antagonistic muscle pairs
• Adolescence
• The reproductive system
• The menstrual cycle
• Fertilisation
• The development of the foetus
• Lung structure and gas exchange
• Smoking and the lungs
• Aerobic respiration
• The breakdown of glucose
• Bacteria and viruses
• Immunisation and medicines
• Alcohol, solvents and drugs